![\"\"](\"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/THANH-TERESA-AVILA.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n*****<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Anh ch\u1ecb em th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ebb v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129 th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean phong l\u00e0 \u201cTi\u1ebfn S\u0129 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh,\u201d d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd tr\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i. H\u00f4m nay, t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 linh \u0111\u1ea1o Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o cho m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh n\u1eef T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi danh hi\u1ec7u th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Gi\u00easu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 T\u00ear\u00easa de Cepeda y Ahumada, sinh \u1edf Avila, T\u00e2y Ban Nha, n\u0103m 1515. Trong quy\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n, th\u00e1nh n\u1eef c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u1edbn, cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.\u201d Th\u00e1nh n\u1eef c\u00f3 3 ch\u1ecb em g\u00e1i v\u00e0 9 anh em trai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi c\u00f2n b\u00e9, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u00edn tu\u1ed5i, T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n cho c\u00f4 b\u00e9 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, kh\u00e1t khao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fac t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 T\u00ear\u00easa ch\u1ea1y nhanh ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi (x. Vida, 1,4); c\u00f4 b\u00e9 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9: \u201cCon mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau, T\u00ear\u00easa ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i chia s\u1ebb r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u1edbi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed3m t\u00f3m trong hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, \u201ct\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y s\u1ebd qua \u0111i,\u201d trong khi, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, duy ch\u1ec9 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1edbi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u201cm\u00e3i mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi,\u201d m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a T\u00ear\u00easa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 g\u00ec l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n lo l\u1eafng,
\u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u chi l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3,
T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 k\u00eca \u0111ang qua \u0111i:
Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i.
Ki\u00ean tr\u00ec gi\u00fap ta \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.
C\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ta ch\u1eb3ng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n g\u00ec;
Ch\u1ec9 m\u00ecnh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi T\u00ear\u00easa ch\u1eebng m\u01b0\u1eddi hai tu\u1ed5i, th\u00ec th\u00e2n m\u1eabu qua \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 tha thi\u1ebft n\u00e0i xin \u0110\u1ee9c Maria R\u1ea5t Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ed3ng Trinh tr\u1edf n\u00ean M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (x. Vida, 1,7).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e0o th\u1eddi ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu, T\u00ear\u00easa t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y tr\u00f2 ti\u00eau khi\u1ec3n v\u00f4 b\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng t\u1edbi l\u00fac \u0111i h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng Santa Mar\u00eda de las Gracias de \u00c1vila c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu d\u00f2ng th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4, T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch thi\u00eang li\u00eang, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 linh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c hai m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i, T\u00ear\u00easa gia nh\u1eadp \u0111an vi\u1ec7n Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t Minh \u1edf t\u1ea1i Avila. Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tu tr\u00ec, ng\u00e0i l\u1ea5y danh hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u201cT\u00ear\u00easa Gi\u00easu.\u201d Ba n\u0103m sau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef tu tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e3 b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i h\u00f4n m\u00ea b\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0y, tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi (x. Vida, 5,9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, T\u00ear\u00easa c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i mu\u1ed1n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m. Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n vi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u01b0\u1edbc mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00ecnh \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh \u0111ang v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eed th\u1ea7n; kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai cho t\u00f4i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho t\u00f4i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap t\u00f4i v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh; t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u1eabn t\u00f4i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00eca xa Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d (Vida, 7,8).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1543, T\u00ear\u00easa m\u1ea5t \u0111i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh; cha c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em ru\u1ed9t, t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t, d\u1ea7n di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9. M\u00f9a Chay n\u0103m 1554, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecnh c\u1edd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n (x. Vida, 9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3, T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4 trong quy\u1ec3n \u201cT\u1ef1 Thu\u1eadt,\u201d th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: \u201c\u2026c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean t\u00f4i th\u1eadt b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed3 nghi ch\u00fat n\u00e0o r\u1eb1ng, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf trong t\u00f4i, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm trong Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d (Vida, 10,1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Song song v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n trong n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, T\u00ear\u00easa b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ea5p \u1ee7 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t Minh: N\u0103m 1562 ng\u00e0i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp Tu vi\u1ec7n C\u00e1t Minh c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Avila, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, \u0110\u1ee9c cha Don Alvaro de Mendoza, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a cha Gioan Baotixita Rossi, T\u1ed5ng quy\u1ec1n d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t Minh l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo, T\u00ear\u00easa ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng Tu vi\u1ec7n C\u00e1t Minh d\u00e0nh cho n\u1eef, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 17 Tu vi\u1ec7n. Cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 gi\u1eefa T\u00ear\u00easa v\u1edbi Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 mang t\u00ednh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp Tu vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng anh em C\u00e1t Minh c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 \u1edf Duruelo, c\u00e1ch Avila kh\u00f4ng xa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1580, T\u00ear\u00easa nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh, c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t Minh c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9nh d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m cho d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t Minh kh\u00f4ng \u0111i gi\u00e0y.<\/a>[1]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a T\u00ear\u00easa k\u1ebft th\u00fac khi ng\u00e0i \u0111ang \u1edf gi\u1eefa giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1582, \u1edf Alba de Tormes, sau khi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u1eef tu vi\u1ec7n C\u00e1t Minh \u1edf Burgos, l\u00fac \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Avila. M\u1ea5y l\u1eddi khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n th\u1ed1t l\u00ean: \u201cSau t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1, t\u00f4i ra \u0111i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.\u201d T\u00ear\u00easa ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u01b0a c\u00f9ng Ch\u00faa: \u201cL\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a con, l\u1ea1y \u0110\u1ee9c Lang Qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a con, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 con h\u1eb1ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i b\u1ea5y l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 Ng\u00e0i, l\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a con.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf T\u00e2y Ban Nha. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phaol\u00f4 V phong ch\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1614 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Gr\u00eag\u00f4ri\u00f4 XV ghi danh v\u00e0o s\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1622. V\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u00f4i t\u1edb c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u1edbc Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phaol\u00f4 VI tuy\u00ean phong ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u201cTi\u1ebfn S\u0129 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh\u201d v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1970.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tuy kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mang t\u00ednh h\u00e0n l\u00e2m, khoa b\u1ea3ng, nh\u01b0ng T\u00ear\u00easa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp thu r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y t\u00e2m linh. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n s\u0129, T\u00ear\u00easa lu\u00f4n trung th\u00e0nh vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c,<\/a>[2]<\/a> hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, T\u00ear\u00easa vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00ear\u00easa c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan th\u00e2n h\u1eefu thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5, nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Gi\u00ear\u00f4nim\u00f4, th\u00e1nh Gr\u00eag\u00f4ri\u00f4 C\u1ea3, v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, El libro de la vida, T\u00ear\u00easa g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cQuy\u1ec3n S\u00e1ch V\u1ec1 L\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00f3t C\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d (Libro de las misericordias del Senor). T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00ear\u00easa vi\u1ebft trong tu vi\u1ec7n C\u00e1t Minh t\u1ea1i Avila n\u0103m 1565, k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m linh, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0a linh h\u1ed3n th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u201cb\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u00eang li\u00eang,\u201d th\u00e1nh Gioan Avila. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a T\u00ear\u00easa l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00f2ng x\u00f3t th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0i. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00edch nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong ph\u00fat gi\u00e2y c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u00eam l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n, b\u1edfi th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i chi ti\u1ebft, v\u1eeba gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u0103m 1566, T\u00ear\u00easa vi\u1ebft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u1ecdn L\u00e0nh\u201d (El Camino de Perfecci\u00f3n). Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cNh\u1eefng L\u1eddi H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn V\u00e0 Khuy\u00ean Nh\u1ee7 C\u1ee7a T\u00ear\u00easa Gi\u00easu D\u00e0nh Cho C\u00e1c N\u1eef Tu\u201d (Advertencias y consejos que da Teresa de J\u00e9sus a sus hermanas). Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n cho 12 t\u1eadp sinh c\u1ee7a tu vi\u1ec7n C\u00e1t Minh, t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u th\u00e1nh Giuse, \u1edf Avila. T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ecb em m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n theo Tin M\u1eebng. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u201cCh\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i Kinh L\u1ea1y Cha,\u201d nh\u01b0 khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a T\u00ear\u00easa l\u00e0 \u201cL\u00e2u \u0110\u00e0i N\u1ed9i T\u00e2m\u201d (El Castillo interior). Ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1577 khi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 mang \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00ear\u00easa quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3y c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 l\u1ed9t x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con t\u1eb1m chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh con b\u01b0\u1edbm, nh\u1eb1m nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn si\u00eau nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb S\u00e1ch Th\u00e1nh, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Di\u1ec5m Ca, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh sau h\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb \u201cH\u00f4n phu v\u00e0 H\u00f4n th\u00ea,\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, b\u1ed1n kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu: thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ba Ng\u00f4i, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa d\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft cho quy\u1ec3n \u201cS\u00e1ch C\u00e1c N\u1ec1n T\u1ea3ng\u201d (Libro de la fundationes), vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1573 v\u00e0 1582, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t Minh c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5. Trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n tu s\u0129 m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u00f4n vinh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng Tu vi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa trong v\u00e0i l\u1eddi. T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp m\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Tin M\u1eebng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ecdi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu, kh\u00f3 ngh\u00e8o Tin M\u1eebng, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta; r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i d\u00e0nh cho tha nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau d\u00e0nh cho ch\u00e2n l\u00fd; \u0111\u1ee9c ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn nh\u01b0 hoa tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng can \u0111\u1ea3m Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o; \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m kh\u00e1t khao ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh n\u1eef ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y: th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e3 nh\u1eb7n, th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt, khi\u00eam h\u1ea1, l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1, lu\u00f4n ni\u1ec1m n\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u01b0 x\u1eed c\u00f3 v\u0103n ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ee9 hai, th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p th\u1eb3m s\u00e2u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m kh\u00e1t khao l\u1eafng nghe L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. Tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, th\u00e1nh n\u1eef c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi v\u1ecb h\u00f4n th\u00ea trong s\u00e1ch Di\u1ec5m Ca, v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu trong Cu\u1ed9c Kh\u1ed5 N\u1ea1n v\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu trong Nhi\u1ec7m T\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00f2 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00fang ta\u201d (Vida 8,5). Quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 \u201camicitia quaedam hominis ad Deum,\u201d t\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; t\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb ph\u00eda Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean u\u1ef7 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt.<\/a>[3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n qua m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. C\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u nguy\u1ec7n, r\u1ed3i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng suy ni\u1ec7m, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 v\u1edbi Ba Ng\u00f4i. H\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111i c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 d\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u01a1n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m, gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa l\u00e0 \u201ccu\u1ed9c khai m\u1edf\u201d \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n: th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n d\u1ea1y cho nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u00f3 trong s\u00e1ch \u1ea5y. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7u, nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong s\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0i l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00ear\u00easa, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u00e1 v\u1ecb v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3m trong s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edd \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng, l\u00f2ng m\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n h\u1eb1ng suy ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Cu\u1ed9c Kh\u1ed5 N\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi b\u00ed t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u00edn h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5. Th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa d\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn t\u00ecnh y\u00eau tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i: tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u201cC\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u201d (sensus Ecclesiae) r\u1ea5t s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd v\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn b\u00ean trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t Minh v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u201cGi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o R\u00f4ma th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n,\u201d t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i (x. Vida, 33,5).<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu sau c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. K\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh L\u00e2u \u0110\u00e0i N\u1ed9i T\u00e2m, trong \u201cc\u0103n ph\u00f2ng\u201d cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, T\u00ear\u00easa m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn h\u1ea3o n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i, trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, qua m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7mNh\u00e2n T\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anh ch\u1ecb em th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn, th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi. Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e2m linh, th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1t khao h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu n\u01a1i s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, l\u00f2ng kh\u00e1t khao n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ng\u01a1i ngh\u1ec9. C\u1ea7u mong cho g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa, s\u1ef1 chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2m s\u00e2u v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n, kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y bi\u1ebft d\u00e0nh ra m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecm Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c; th\u1eadt th\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7: \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng thi h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec th\u1ebf, th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian v\u00f4 b\u1ed5, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u1edf ra; con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf ra \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb n\u01a1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t d\u00e0nh cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u00e0nh cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft l\u00f2ng th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i v\u1edbi tha nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u00edch \u0110GH B\u00ean\u00eadict\u00f4 XVI, 36 Th\u00e1nh Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 (Tp. HCM: Nxb Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, 2017), tr. 377-389.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/a>[1]<\/a> T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 15 tu vi\u1ec7n d\u00e0nh cho nam gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u00ed r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u0103m hoa \u0111ua n\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng kh\u1ed5 tu nam c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1eef, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf T\u00e2y Ban Nha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/a>[2]<\/a> L\u1eddi D\u1eabn trong quy\u1ec3n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u1ecdn L\u00e0nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/a>[3]<\/a>Summa Theologiae II-II, 23, 1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t Minh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecb em s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fang tin th\u1ea7n \u0111an tu. Th\u00e1nh n\u1eef l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n \u201cL\u00e2u \u0110\u00e0i N\u1ed9i T\u00e2m,\u201d gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":80064,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80063","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chia-se","category-tieu-diem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80063","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80063"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80063\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":80065,"href":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80063\/revisions\/80065"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80064"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80063"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80063"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80063"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}