{"id":5543,"date":"2014-02-26T08:37:33","date_gmt":"2014-02-26T08:37:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/?p=5543"},"modified":"2014-02-26T08:37:33","modified_gmt":"2014-02-26T08:37:33","slug":"chua-giesu-co-bi-dong-dinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/chua-giesu-co-bi-dong-dinh\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu c\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

MIKE LICONA<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\"ChuaGiesuCoBiDongDinh\"<\/a>C\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n Ph\u00fac \u00c2m \u0111\u1ec1u cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean Th\u1eadp gi\u00e1. Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh Ph\u00fac \u00c2m l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trong hai \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra, vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 \u00edch. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean Th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft hy sinh v\u00ec t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00ec thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cph\u1ee5c sinh\u201d n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e2n x\u00e1c th\u00e0nh th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c b\u1ea5t t\u1eed, n\u1ebfu Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh th\u00ec Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 d\u1ea1y: \u201cN\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady th\u00ec l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a anh em th\u1eadt h\u00e3o huy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 anh em v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng trong t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a anh em\u201d (1 Cr 15:17)<\/i>. C\u00e1c Ph\u00fac \u00c2m cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cs\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 th\u1eadt\u201d (x. Mt 12:39-40; Ga 2:18-22). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, theo Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4, n\u1ebfu Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c sinh, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu do b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 n\u1ebfu Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a ra 4 l\u00fd do c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft do b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/b>, cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i: Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Ngo\u00e0i 4 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Th\u00e1nh Th\u01b0 trong T\u00e2n \u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 I, cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5 ngo\u00e0i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Josephus (cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 I), Tacitus (\u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 II), Lucian (gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 II), v\u00e0 Mara bar Serapion (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 II v\u00e0 III) c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngo\u00e0i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o bi\u1ebft ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec<\/b>, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi x\u01b0a. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 xem phim \u201cThe Passion of the Christ\u201d (Cu\u1ed9c Kh\u1ed5 N\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu) c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n Mel Gibson (*) th\u00ec th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 r\u1ea5t d\u00e3 man. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ed5 c\u0169ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n Josephus, m\u1ed9t s\u1eed gia Do Th\u00e1i h\u1ed3i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 I, \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng roi da r\u1ea5t d\u00e3 man \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i l\u00f2i x\u01b0\u01a1ng ra (1).\u00a0\u00d4ng c\u00f2n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00f2i ru\u1ed9t (2).\u00a0Trong b\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ed3i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 II\u00a0l\u00e0 \u201cThe Martyrdom of Polycarp\u201d (Cu\u1ed9c T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh P\u00f4-ly-ca-p\u00f4), l\u00ednh La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch (3).\u00a0N\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh v\u00e0o th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 (4).\u00a0N\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c ch\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 I, tri\u1ebft gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi R\u00f4ma l\u00e0 Seneca \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ecb \u0111\u1eadp li\u00ean h\u1ed3i, b\u1ecb c\u1eaft ch\u00e2n tay, b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh v\u00e0 b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1n s\u1ed1ng b\u00e1n ch\u1ebft\u201d (5). Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh. Josephus k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh (6).\u00a0\u00d4ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n Titus l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ednh La M\u00e3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh th\u00e1o \u0111inh ngay v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 y t\u1ebf. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, hai trong ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ch\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o \u0111inh s\u1edbm v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u th\u00ec c\u01a1 may s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb n\u00e0o n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o \u0111inh s\u1edbm khi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba<\/b>, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh y khoa \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u1ebft v\u00ec b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh (7). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, nh\u01b0ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 v\u1eabn n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu ch\u1ebft v\u00ec ng\u1ed9p th\u1edf (asphyxiation) ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu oxygen. V\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed5 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eadp g\u00e3y \u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n mau ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 (8). V\u1eady l\u00e0 sao? T\u00f4i c\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng khoa c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u \u1edf hai b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn (9).\u00a0T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eadp g\u00e3y \u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n cho n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n mau ch\u1ebft th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng. H\u1ecd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn hi\u1ebfm x\u1ea3y ra l\u1eafm. V\u1eady h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eadp g\u00e3y \u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n cho mau ch\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I v\u00e0 II, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u201cph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u201d g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0\u201caufbinden\u201d \u2013 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb c\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7t hai tay r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb treo l\u01a1 l\u1eedng, ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t. Khi n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i th\u1ea3 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n xu\u1ed1ng. Khi n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n t\u1ec9nh th\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i treo l\u00ean. V\u00ec c\u01a1 b\u1eafp d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00edt m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edf, \u0111i-\u00f4-x\u00edt c\u00e1c-bon s\u1ebd t\u00edch t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ecb treo l\u01a1 l\u1eedng s\u1ebd b\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh trong v\u00f2ng 12 ph\u00fat, n\u1ebfu tay treo \u1edf g\u00f3c 45 \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1eadp g\u00e3y \u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n d\u1ec5 th\u1edf, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. Do \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u00ec b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh, n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu oxygen, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 may t\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i. Th\u00e1nh s\u1eed Gioan cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ean l\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y ng\u1ecdn gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e2m v\u00e0o ng\u1ef1c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ebft th\u1eadt (x. Ga 19:34-37), c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i t\u1edbi trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Quintillian, s\u1eed gia R\u00f4ma h\u1ed3i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 I (10).<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u00fd do n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tin r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh R\u00f4ma mu\u1ed1n x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu tr\u00ean Th\u1eadp gi\u00e1? M\u1ed9t s\u1eed gia Do Th\u00e1i uy t\u00edn h\u1ed3i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 I c\u00f3 n\u00f3i t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi R\u00f4ma h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Gi\u00earusalem n\u0103m 70. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen th\u00e1o x\u00e1c c\u00e1c t\u1eed t\u1ed9i kh\u1ecfi th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n (11). C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ed5 cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi 3 ng\u00e0y tr\u00ean th\u1eadp gi\u00e1, c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c tr\u00ean th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 cho t\u1edbi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed3i cho chim ch\u00f3c, ch\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u1edf Gi\u00earusalem tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i n\u0103m 70. Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 30 ho\u1eb7c 33. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft th\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb x\u1eed t\u1eed. Th\u00e1nh Gioan k\u1ec3: \u201cSau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng Gi\u00f4-x\u1ebfp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi A-ri-ma-th\u00ea, xin \u00f4ng Phi-la-t\u00f4 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ea1 thi h\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu xu\u1ed1ng\u201d (Ga 19:38)<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0<\/b>, n\u1ebfu Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh, Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 tin Ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu n\u1eeda s\u1ed1ng n\u1eeda ch\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1. Ng\u00e0i h\u1ed3i t\u1ec9nh sau c\u01a1n h\u00f4n m\u00ea v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u1edf trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1i t\u0103m. Ng\u00e0i m\u00f2 m\u1eabn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y l\u1ed1i ra. M\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00ednh g\u00e1c h\u1ecfi: \u201c\u00d4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ed1n \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u v\u1eady?\u201d. Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cT\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e2y\u201d<\/i>. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00ednh g\u00e1c, sau \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u0103n nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 Th\u1ea7y tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf v\u00e0 g\u00f5 c\u1eeda. Ph\u00ear\u00f4 ra m\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu lom khom v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh h\u00e0i toe tua t\u01a1i t\u1ea3. Ph\u00ear\u00f4 n\u00f3i: \u201cL\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa! Con kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i Th\u1ea7y ph\u1ee5c sinh nh\u01b0 Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i sao?\u201d<\/i>. H\u1eb3n l\u00e0 s\u1eed gia s\u1ebd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu ph\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 tin \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c sinh trong th\u00e2n x\u00e1c b\u1ea5t t\u1eed. C\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u01b0? Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 th\u1ebf. S\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u01b0? Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft do b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh (ch\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh th\u00f4i). Nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed5 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n ngo\u00e0i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. R\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u01a1 may s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh. N\u1ebfu Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 tin ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ee5c sinh.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00f9 r\u1ea5t \u0111a nghi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u201cJesus Seminar John Dominic Crossan\u201d c\u0169ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u201cCh\u00faa Gi\u00easu b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d<\/i> (12).\u00a0C\u0169ng v\u1eady, nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh T\u00e2n \u01b0\u1edbc Gerd L\u00fcdemann (ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n) \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cCh\u00faa Gi\u00easu ch\u1ebft do b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i\u201d<\/i> (13).<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, given the strong evidence for Jesus’ death by crucifixion, without good evidence to the contrary, the historian must conclude that Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n

TR\u1ea6M THI\u00caN THU<\/span><\/b> (Chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef t\u1eeb 4truth.net)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

———————————————<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Chi\u1ebfn Tranh\u00a06:304. Xem 2:612; T\u00edch X\u01b0a 12:256.<\/span><\/p>\n

2<\/sup> Chi\u1ebfn Tranh\u00a02:612.<\/span><\/p>\n

3<\/sup> Cu\u1ed9c T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Polycarp\u00a02:2.<\/span><\/p>\n

4<\/sup> R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5 n\u00f3i t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng \u0111inh \u0111\u00f3ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadp gi\u00e1. Ph\u00fac \u00c2m theo Th\u00e1nh Gioan n\u00f3i t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu (20:25 & 27), v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Luca c\u0169ng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 (24:39). Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0o n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh v\u00e0o th\u1eadp gi\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

5<\/sup> Seneca,\u00a0C\u00e1c Th\u01b0, \u201cTo Lucilius\u201d 101.<\/span><\/p>\n

6<\/sup> Josephus,\u00a0Life\u00a0420-21.<\/span><\/p>\n

7<\/sup> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi trong s\u00e1ch \u201cRaymond Brown,\u00a0The Death of the Messiah\u201d,\u00a0Volume 2\u00a0(New York: Doubleday, 1994), 1088ff.<\/span><\/p>\n

8<\/sup> Cicero,\u00a0C\u00e1c b\u00e0i Di\u1ec5n Thuy\u1ebft, b\u00e0i 13, 12:27; Ph\u00fac \u00c2m theo Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4 4:14. Trong Ph\u00fac \u00c2m theo Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh g\u00e3y ch\u00e2n b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn l\u00e2u.<\/span><\/p>\n

9<\/sup> Dr. Jim Ritchie v\u00e0 Dr. Jack Mason.<\/span><\/p>\n

10<\/sup> C\u00e1c b\u00e0i Di\u1ec5n Thuy\u1ebft\u00a06:9: \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean th\u1eadp gi\u00e1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5m ch\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb x\u1eed t\u1eed\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

11<\/sup> Chi\u1ebfn Tranh Do Th\u00e1i\u00a04:317.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

12<\/sup> John Dominic Crossan,\u00a0Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu: Ti\u1ec3u S\u1eed C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng\u00a0(San Francisco: HarperCollings, 1991), 145.<\/span><\/p>\n

13<\/sup> Gerd L\u00fcdemann.\u00a0S\u1ef1 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4\u00a0(Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 2004), 50.<\/span><\/p>\n

(*) Phim s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103m 2004, di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean Jim Caviezel \u0111\u00f3ng vai Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Xem phim \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn: http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=yVQhpuqhI_8<\/a><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 MIKE LICONA C\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n Ph\u00fac \u00c2m \u0111\u1ec1u cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean Th\u1eadp gi\u00e1. Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh Ph\u00fac \u00c2m l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5544,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,19],"tags":[972],"class_list":["post-5543","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-giai-dap-thac-mac","category-tieu-diem","tag-chua-giesu-co-bi-dong-dinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5543","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5543"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5543\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5545,"href":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5543\/revisions\/5545"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5544"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5543"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5543"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/longchuathuongxot.vn\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}